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Tiêu đề: RELATIVE CLAUSES (M?NH ?? QUAN H?) [In trang]

Tác giả: huynhict Thời gian: 6-6-2013 20:33
Tiêu đề: RELATIVE CLAUSES (M?NH ?? QUAN H?)
RELATIVE CLAUSES (M?NH ?? QUAN H?)

M?nh ?? quan h? (m?nh ?? t�nh t?) b?t ??u b?ng c�c ??i t? quan h?: who, whom, which, that, whose hay nh?ng tr?ng t? quan h?: why, where, when. M?nh ?? quan h? d�ng ?? b? ngh?a cho danh t? ??ng tr??c n�.

I. C�C ??I T? QUAN H?:

1. WHO:

- l�m ch? t? trong m?nh ?? quan h?

- thay th? cho danh t? ch? ng??i

�.. N (person) + WHO + V + O

2. WHOM:

- l�m t�c t? cho ??ng t? trong m?nh ?? quan h?

- thay th? cho danh t? ch? ng??i

�..N (person) + WHOM + S + V

3. WHICH:

- l�m ch? t? ho?c t�c t? trong m?nh ?? quan h?

- thay th? cho danh t? ch? v?t

�.N (thing) + WHICH + V + O

�.N (thing) + WHICH + S + V

4. THAT:

- c� th? thay th? cho v? tr� c?a who, whom, which trong m?nh ?? quan h? quan h? x�c ??nh

* C�c tr??ng h?p th??ng d�ng �that�:

- khi ?i sau c�c h�nh th?c so s�nh nh?t

- khi ?i sau c�c t?: only, the first, the last

- khi danh t? ?i tr??c bao g�m c? ng??i v� v?t

- khi ?i sau c�c ??i t? b?t ??nh, ??i t? ph? ??nh, ??i t? ch? s? l??ng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none.

Ex: He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.

It was the first time that I heard of it.

These books are all that my sister left me.

She talked about the people and places that she had visited.

* C�c tr??ng h?p kh�ng d�ng that:

- trong m?nh ?? quan h? kh�ng x�c ??nh

- sau gi?i t?

5. WHOSE:d�ng ?? ch? s? h?u cho danh t? ch? ng??i ho?c v?t, th??ng thay cho c�c t?: her, his, their, ho?c h�nh th?c �s

�..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V �.

II. C�C TR?NG T? QUAN H?:

1. WHY: m? ??u cho m?nh ?? quan h? ch? l� do, th??ng thay cho c?m for the reason, for that reason.

�..N (reason) + WHY + S + V �

Ex: I don�t know the reason. You didn�t go to school for that reason.

? I don�t know the reason why you didn�t go to school.

2. WHERE: thay th? t? ch? n?i ch?n, th??ng thay cho there

�.N (place) + WHERE + S + V �.

(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)

Ex: a/ The hotel wasn�t very clean. We stayed t that hotel.

? The hotel where we stayed wasn�t very clean.

? The hotel at which we stayed wasn�t very clean.

3. WHEN: thay th? t? ch? th?i gian, th??ng thay cho t? then

�.N (time) + WHEN + S + V �

(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)

Ex: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.

? Do you still remember the day when we first met?

? Do you still remember the day on which we first met?

I don�t know the time. She will come back then.

? I don�t know the time when she will come back.

III. C�C LO?I M?NH ?? QUAN H?:

C� hai lo?i m?nh ?? quan h?: m?nh ?? quan h? x�c ??nh v� m?nh ?? quan h? kh�ng x�c ??nh.

M?nh ?? quan h? x�c ??nh (Defining relative clauses): l� m?nh ?? ???c d�ng ?? x�c ??nh danh t? ??ng tr??c n�. M?nh ?? x�c ??nh l� m?nh ?? c?n thi?t cho � ngh?a c?a c�u, kh�ng c� n� c�u s? kh�ng ?? ngh?a. N� ???c s? d?ng khi danh t? l� danh t? kh�ng x�c ??nh v� kh�ng d�ng d?u ph?y ng?n c�ch n� v?i m?nh ?? ch�nh.

Ex: The city which I visited last summer is very beautiful.

(Defining relative clause)

M?nh ?? quan h? kh�ng h?n ??nh (Non-defining relative clauses): l� m?nh ?? cung c?p th�m th�ng tin v? m?t ng??i, m?t v?t ho?c m?t s? vi?c ?� ???c x�c ??nh. M?nh ?? kh�ng x�c ??nh l� m?nh ?? kh�ng nh?t thi?t ph?i c� trong c�u, kh�ng c� n� c�u v?n ?? ngh?a. N� ???c s? d?ng khi danh t? l� danh t? x�c ??nh v� ???c ng?n c�ch v?i m?nh ?? ch�nh b?ng m?t ho?c hai d?u ph?y (,) hay d?u g?ch ngang (-)

Ex: Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful.

(Non-defining relative clause)

Note: ?? bi?t khi n�o d�ng m?nh ?? quan h? kh�ng x�c ??nh, ta l?u � c�c ?i?m sau:

- Khi danh t? m� n� b? ngh?a l� m?t danh t? ri�ng

- Khi danh t? m� n� b? ngh?a l� m?t t�nh t? s? h?u (my, his, her, their)

- Khi danh t? m� n� b? ngh?a la m?t danh t? ?i v?i this , that, these, those

IV. M?T S? L?U � TRONG M?NH ?? QUAN H?:

1. N?u trong m?nh ?? quan h? c� gi?i t? th� gi?i t? c� th? ??t tr??c ho?c sau m?nh ?? quan h? (ch? �p d?ng v?i whom v� which.)

Ex: Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.

? Mr. Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher.

? Mr. Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher.

2. C� th? d�ng which thay cho c? m?nh ?? ??ng tr??c.

Ex: She can�t come to my birthday party. That makes me sad.

? She can�t come to my birthday party, which makes me sad.

3. ? v? tr� t�c t?, whom c� th? ???c thay b?ng who.

Ex: I�d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party.

4. Trong m?nh ?? quan h? x�c ??nh , ch�ng ta c� th? b? c�c ??i t? quan h? l�m t�c t?: whom, which.

Ex: The girl you met yesterday is my close friend.
The book you lent me was very interesting.

5. C�c c?m t? ch? s? l??ng some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of � c� th? ???c d�ng tr??c whom, which v� whose.

Ex: I have two sisters, both of whom are students.

She tried on three dresses, none of which fitted her.

V. C�CH R�T G?N M?NH ?? QUAN H?:

1. M?nh ?? quan h? ???c r�t th�nh c?m ph�n t?:

M?nh ?? quan h? ch?a c�c ??i t? quan h? l�m ch? t? who, which, that c� th? ???c r�t g?n th�nh c?m hi?n t?i ph�n t? (V-ing) ho?c qu� kh? ph�n t? (V3/ed).

* N?u m?nh ?? quan h? l� m?nh ?? ch? ??ng th� r�t th�nh c?m hi?n t?i ph�n t? (V-ing).

Ex: a/ The man who is standing over there is my father.

? The man standing over there is my father.

b/ The couple who live next door to me are professors.

? The couple living next door to me are professors.

* N?u m?nh ?? quan h? l� m?nh ?? b? ??ng th� r�t th�nh c?m qu� kh? ph�n t? (V3/ed).

Ex: a/ The instructions that are given on the front page are very important.

? The instructions given on the front page are very important.

b/ The book which was bought by my mother is interesting.

? The book bought by my mother is interesting.

2. M?nh ?? quan h? ???c r�t th�nh c?m ??ng t? nguy�n m?u:

M?nh ?? quan h? ???c r�t th�nh c?m ??ng t? nguy�n m?u (To-infinitive) khi tr??c ??i t? quan h? c� c�c c?m t?: the first, the second, the last, the only ho?c h�nh th?c so s�nh b?c nh?t.

Ex: a/ John was the last person that got the news.

? John was the last person to get the news.

b/ He was the best player that we admire.

? He was the best player to be admired.

c/ He was the second man who was killed in this way.

? He was the second man to be killed in this way.

Tác giả: huynhict Thời gian: 6-6-2013 20:48
cop v�o textbox nh�n ??p m� post l�n l?i l?i t�m lum v?y nh??

Tác giả: traigiangho Thời gian: 6-6-2013 22:15

huynhict g?i l�c 6-6-2013 20:48
cop v�o textbox nh�n ??p m� post l�n l?i l?i t�m lum v?y nh??

Em cop r?i texbox th� em n�n ch?nh s?a l?i tr??c khi post l�n nh�?ch? nh? v?y s? kh� xem cho c�c b?n kh�c nh�?

Tác giả: huynhict Thời gian: 7-6-2013 08:59
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Tác giả: huynhict Thời gian: 7-6-2013 23:00

traigiangho g?i l�c 6-6-2013 22:15
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